# Network

> Learn about the different Flare networks, configuration, supported wallets, transaction format, smart contracts, consensus, and more.

> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to the page URL.

Source: https://dev.flare.network/network/overview

Flare provides four EVM-compatible, permissionless networks designed for different stages of application and protocol development:

- **Flare Mainnet:** The production network, transactions cost FLR here.
- **Flare Testnet Coston2:** Testnet for dApp development.
- **Songbird Canary-Network:** Experimental network for protocol upgrades, transactions cost SGB here.
- **Songbird Testnet Coston:** Testnet for protocol development.

Choose your development track depending on your goals:

1. **Application Development** (Recommended for dApp developers):
   - Flare Testnet Coston2 → Flare Mainnet
2. **Protocol Development** (Required for all protocol-level changes):
   - Songbird Testnet Coston → Songbird Canary-Network → Flare Testnet Coston2 → Flare Mainnet

## Configuration

Specific configuration details for connecting to each Flare network, including public RPC endpoints, chain identifiers, blockchain explorers, and testnet faucets.

<Tabs block groupId="network">
  <TabItem value="flare" label="Flare Mainnet" default>

    | Network name             | Flare Mainnet                                                                                                                                        |
    | :----------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | **Public RPCs (HTTPS)**  | `https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc` <br/> `https://stylish-light-theorem.flare-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/rpc`                            |
    | **Public RPCs (WSS)**    | `wss://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws` <br/> `wss://stylish-light-theorem.flare-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/ws`                                  |
    | **Chain ID**             | `14`                                                                                                                                                 |
    | **Native currency**      | `FLR` (18 decimals)                                                                                                                                  |
    | **Block Explorer**       | [`https://flare-explorer.flare.network`](https://flare-explorer.flare.network)                                                                       |
    | **Systems Explorer**     | [`https://flare-systems-explorer.flare.network`](https://flare-systems-explorer.flare.network)                                                       |
    | **Faucet**               | -                                                                                                                                                    |
    | **Bootstrapping nodes**  | `https://flare-bootstrap.flare.network` <br/> `https://flare-bootstrap-1.staking.production.figment.io` <br/> `https://flare.senseinode.com`         |
    | **\{Safe\}Wallet**       | [`https://multisig.flare.network`](https://multisig.flare.network)                                                                                   |

    :::tip[RPC Connection code snippet]
    <Tabs block>
      <TabItem value="curl" label="curl" default>

        ```bash
        curl https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
        ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3js" label="web3.js">

        <CodeBlock language="javascript">
          {BlockNumFlareJS}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3py" label="web3.py">

        <CodeBlock language="python">
          {BlockNumFlarePy}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="goethereum" label="go-ethereum">

        <CodeBlock language="go">
          {BlockNumFlareGo}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="alloyrs" label="alloy-rs">

        <CodeBlock language="rust">
          {BlockNumFlareRs}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>
    :::

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem value="coston2" label="Flare Testnet Coston2">

    | Network name              | Flare Testnet Coston2                                                                                                                                                     |
    | :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
    | **Public RPCs (HTTPS)**   | `https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc` <br/> `https://falling-skilled-uranium.flare-coston2.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/rpc`                                             |
    | **Public RPCs (WSS)**     | `wss://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws` <br/> `wss://falling-skilled-uranium.flare-coston2.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/ws`                                                   |
    | **Chain ID**              | `114`                                                                                                                                                                     |
    | **Native currency**       | `C2FLR` (18 decimals)                                                                                                                                                     |
    | **Block Explorer**        | [`https://coston2-explorer.flare.network`](https://coston2-explorer.flare.network)                                                                                        |
    | **Systems Explorer**      | [`https://coston2-systems-explorer.flare.network`](https://coston2-systems-explorer.flare.network)                                                                        |
    | **Faucet**                | Request C2FLR, FXRP, and USDT0 from [Coston2 Faucet](https://faucet.flare.network/coston2)                                                                               |
    | **Bootstrapping nodes**   | `https://coston2-bootstrap.flare.network`                                                                                                                                 |

    :::tip[RPC Connection code snippet]
    <Tabs block>
      <TabItem value="curl" label="curl" default>

        ```bash
        curl https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
        ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3js" label="web3.js">

        <CodeBlock language="javascript">
          {BlockNumCoston2JS}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3py" label="web3.py">

        <CodeBlock language="python">
          {BlockNumCoston2Py}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="goethereum" label="go-ethereum">

        <CodeBlock language="go">
          {BlockNumCoston2Go}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="alloyrs" label="alloy-rs">

        <CodeBlock language="rust">
          {BlockNumCoston2Rs}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>
    :::

  </TabItem>
    <TabItem value="songbird" label="Songbird Canary-Network">

    | Network name             | Songbird Canary-Network                                                                                                                                           |
    | :----------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | **Public RPC (HTTPS)**   | `https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc`                                                                                                                    |
    | **Public RPC (WSS)**     | `wss://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws`                                                                                                                       |
    | **Chain ID**             | `19`                                                                                                                                                              |
    | **Native currency**      | `SGB` (18 decimals)                                                                                                                                               |
    | **Block Explorer**       | [`https://songbird-explorer.flare.network`](https://songbird-explorer.flare.network)                                                                              |
    | **Systems Explorer**     | [`https://songbird-systems-explorer.flare.network`](https://songbird-systems-explorer.flare.network)                                                              |
    | **Faucet**               | -                                                                                                                                                                 |
    | **Bootstrapping nodes**  | `https://songbird-bootstrap.flare.network`                                                                                                                        |

    :::tip[RPC Connection code snippet]
    <Tabs block>
      <TabItem value="curl" label="curl" default>

        ```bash
        curl https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
        ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3js" label="web3.js">

        <CodeBlock language="javascript">
          {BlockNumSongbirdJS}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3py" label="web3.py">

        <CodeBlock language="python">
          {BlockNumSongbirdPy}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="goethereum" label="go-ethereum">

        <CodeBlock language="go">
          {BlockNumSongbirdGo}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="alloyrs" label="alloy-rs">

        <CodeBlock language="rust">
          {BlockNumSongbirdRs}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>
    :::

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem value="coston" label="Songbird Testnet Coston">
  
    | Network name             | Songbird Testnet Coston                                                                                                                                                   |
    | :----------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
    | **Public RPC (HTTPS)**   | `https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc`                                                                                                                              |
    | **Public RPC (WSS)**     | `wss://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws`                                                                                                                                 |
    | **Chain ID**             | `16`                                                                                                                                                                      |
    | **Native currency**      | `CFLR` (18 decimals)                                                                                                                                                      |
    | **Block Explorer**       | [`https://coston-explorer.flare.network`](https://coston-explorer.flare.network)                                                                                          |
    | **Systems Explorer**     | [`https://coston-systems-explorer.flare.network`](https://coston-systems-explorer.flare.network)                                                                          |
    | **Faucet**               | Request CFLR from [Coston Faucet](https://faucet.flare.network/coston)                                                                                                    |
    | **Bootstrapping nodes**  | `https://coston-bootstrap.flare.network`                                                                                                                                  |

    :::tip[RPC Connection code snippet]
    <Tabs block>
      <TabItem value="curl" label="curl" default>

        ```bash
        curl https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
        ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3js" label="web3.js">

        <CodeBlock language="javascript">
          {BlockNumCostonJS}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="web3py" label="web3.py">

        <CodeBlock language="python">
          {BlockNumCostonPy}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="goethereum" label="go-ethereum">

        <CodeBlock language="go">
          {BlockNumCostonGo}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem value="alloyrs" label="alloy-rs">

        <CodeBlock language="rust">
          {BlockNumCostonRs}
        </CodeBlock>

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>
    :::

  </TabItem>

</Tabs>

## API Resources

Resources for interacting with Flare's DA Layer and FDC verifiers.

<Tabs block groupId="network">
  <TabItem value="flare" label="Flare Mainnet" default>

    | **DA Layer**                 | [`https://flr-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc`](https://flr-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc)                                 |
    | :--------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | **FDC Verifier (EVM)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc)               |
    | **FDC Verifier (BTC)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc)       |
    | **FDC Verifier (XRP)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc)       |
    | **FDC Verifier (DOGE)**      | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc)     |
    | **FDC Verifier (Web2Json)**  | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc)     |

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem value="coston2" label="Flare Testnet Coston2">
   
    | **DA Layer**                 | [`https://ctn2-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc`](https://ctn2-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc)                                             |
    | :--------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | **FDC Verifier (EVM)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc)                             |
    | **FDC Verifier (BTC)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc)   |
    | **FDC Verifier (XRP)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc)                     |
    | **FDC Verifier (DOGE)**      | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc)                   |
    | **FDC Verifier (Web2Json)**  | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc)                   |
 
  </TabItem>
  <TabItem value="songbird" label="Songbird Canary-Network">
    
    | **DA Layer**                 | [`https://sgb-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc`](https://sgb-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc)                             |
    | :--------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   
    | **FDC Verifier (EVM)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc)           |
    | **FDC Verifier (BTC)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc)   |
    | **FDC Verifier (XRP)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc)   |
    | **FDC Verifier (DOGE)**      | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc) |
    | **FDC Verifier (Web2Json)**  | [`https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc) |

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem value="coston" label="Songbird Testnet Coston">

    | **DA Layer**                 | [`https://ctn-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc`](https://ctn-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc)                                               |
    | :--------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | **FDC Verifier (EVM)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc)                             |
    | **FDC Verifier (BTC)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc)   |
    | **FDC Verifier (XRP)**       | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc)                     |
    | **FDC Verifier (DOGE)**      | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc)                   |
    | **FDC Verifier (Web2Json)**  | [`https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc`](https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/web2/api-doc)                   |

  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

**API Keys:**

- Public Verifier API key: `00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000`
- For higher rate limits on the DA Layer raise an [API Key Request](https://github.com/flare-foundation/developer-hub/issues/new/choose) issue on GitHub.

## Supported wallets

A variety of wallets across desktop, browser extension, and mobile platforms support Flare.
Discover suitable options for your needs on the [Flare Wallets](https://flare.network/wallets) page.

## Transaction format

- **Address space:** Matches Ethereum, 20-byte addresses using ECDSA.

- **Transaction format:** Matches Ethereum, complies with [EIP-2718](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718), encoded with [RLP](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/).

- **Transaction fees:**
  - **Type0** (Legacy) - Fee is calculated as `gasUsed * gasPrice`.
  - **Type2** (EIP-1559) - Fee is calculated as `(baseFee + priorityFee) * gas`.
  - In both cases, all transaction fees are burned.

## Smart contracts

- **Compatibility:** Fully EVM-compatible. Contracts written in Solidity, Vyper, or other EVM languages can be deployed directly.

- **RPC-API:** [Ethereum RPC API](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/)

- **Supported opcodes:** Supports all EVM [opcodes](https://www.evm.codes/?fork=cancun) up to and including the Cancun hard fork.

## Consensus mechanism

- **Consensus Protocol:** Snowman++ (from [Avalanche](https://build.avax.network/docs/primary-network)) provides a high-throughput, totally ordered consensus with fast finality. Learn more on the [Consensus](/network/consensus) page.

- **Sybil resistance mechanism:** Proof-of-Stake (PoS)

- **Delegation:** In-protocol

- **Block time:** ≈1.8 seconds

- **Finality:** Single-slot finality. Once a block is accepted through the consensus process (gossip), it's considered final.

- **Transaction ordering:** Determined by the block proposer (leader), the default behavior is priority gas auction.

- **Participants (Validators):**
  - Nodes must meet a [minimum self-bond requirement](https://proposals.flare.network/FIP/FIP_5.html) (defined by governance) to become validators.
  - Validators participate in consensus voting and are randomly selected as leaders to propose new blocks, weighted by their total stake (self-bond + delegated stake).
  - Validator count and stake distribution are viewable live on the [Flare Systems Explorer](https://flare-systems-explorer.flare.network/validators).

- **Enshrined protocols:** In addition to consensus, Flare validators are also data providers for [FTSO](/ftso/overview) and [FDC](/fdc/overview).

## Block verification

- **Block Header Verification:** [Example Go implementation](https://github.com/flare-foundation/go-flare/blob/main/coreth/consensus/dummy/consensus.go).

- **Block Body Validation:** [Example Go implementation](https://github.com/flare-foundation/go-flare/blob/main/coreth/core/block_validator.go).

- **Verify transaction in block:** Verified using Merkle Patricia Trie proofs against the receipts root included in the block header.

:::note[Adding Flare (FLR) to your exchange]

Integrating Flare is similar to integrating Ethereum or other EVM chains.
To add it to your exchange set up an [RPC node](/run-node#rpc-node) and use the appropriate [network configuration](#configuration) for Flare Mainnet.

Additional resources: [Flare Brand Kit](https://flare.network/media), [go-flare source code](https://github.com/flare-foundation/go-flare)

:::

## Watch the video

<YouTubeEmbed videoId="GwY_BhEpBG8"></YouTubeEmbed>