Network
Flare provides four EVM-compatible, permissionless networks designed for different stages of application and protocol development
- Flare Mainnet: The production network, transactions cost FLR here.
- Flare Testnet Coston2: Testnet for dApp development.
- Songbird Canary-Network: Experimental network for protocol upgrades, transactions cost SGB here.
- Songbird Testnet Coston: Testnet for protocol development.
Choose your development track depending on your goals:
- Application Development (Recommended for dApp developers):
- Flare Testnet Coston2 → Flare Mainnet
- Protocol Development (Required for all protocol level changes):
- Songbird Testnet Coston → Songbird Canary-Network → Flare Testnet Coston2 → Flare Mainnet
Configuration
Specific configuration details for connecting to each Flare network, including public RPC endpoints, chain identifiers, blockchain explorers, and testnet faucets.
- Flare Mainnet
- Flare Testnet Coston2
- Songbird Canary-Network
- Songbird Testnet Coston
| Network name | Flare Mainnet |
|---|---|
| Public RPCs (HTTPS) | https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc https://stylish-light-theorem.flare-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/rpc |
| Public RPCs (WSS) | wss://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws wss://stylish-light-theorem.flare-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/ws |
| Chain ID | 14 |
| Native currency | FLR (18 decimals) |
| Routescan Explorer | https://flarescan.com |
| Blockscout Explorer | https://flare-explorer.flare.network |
| Systems Explorer | https://flare-systems-explorer.flare.network |
| Faucet | - |
| Bootstrapping nodes | https://flare-bootstrap.flare.network https://flare-bootstrap-1.staking.production.figment.io https://flare.senseinode.com |
| {Safe}Wallet | https://multisig.flare.network |
RPC Connection code snippet
- curl
- web3.js
- web3.py
- go-ethereum
- alloy-rs
curl https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
import { Web3 } from "web3";
const web3 = new Web3("https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc");
web3.eth.getBlockNumber().then(console.log);
from web3 import Web3
w3 = Web3("https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
print(w3.eth.block_number)
package flare
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)
func BlockNumber() {
cl, _ := ethclient.Dial("https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
blockNumber, _ := cl.BlockNumber(context.Background())
fmt.Println(blockNumber)
}
use alloy::providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder};
use eyre::Result;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let provider =
ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http("https://flare-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc".parse()?);
println!("{}", provider.get_block_number().await?);
Ok(())
}
| Network name | Flare Testnet Coston2 |
|---|---|
| Public RPCs (HTTPS) | https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc https://falling-skilled-uranium.flare-coston2.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/rpc |
| Public RPCs (WSS) | wss://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws wss://falling-skilled-uranium.flare-coston2.quiknode.pro/ext/bc/C/ws |
| Chain ID | 114 |
| Native currency | C2FLR (18 decimals) |
| Routescan Explorer | https://coston2.testnet.flarescan.com |
| Blockscout Explorer | https://coston2-explorer.flare.network |
| Systems Explorer | https://coston2-systems-explorer.flare.network |
| Faucet | Request C2FLR from Coston2 Faucet |
| Bootstrapping nodes | https://coston2-bootstrap.flare.network |
RPC Connection code snippet
- curl
- web3.js
- web3.py
- go-ethereum
- alloy-rs
curl https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
import { Web3 } from "web3";
const web3 = new Web3("https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc");
web3.eth.getBlockNumber().then(console.log);
from web3 import Web3
w3 = Web3("https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
print(w3.eth.block_number)
package coston2
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)
func BlockNumber() {
cl, _ := ethclient.Dial("https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
blockNumber, _ := cl.BlockNumber(context.Background())
fmt.Println(blockNumber)
}
use alloy::providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder};
use eyre::Result;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let provider =
ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http("https://coston2-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc".parse()?);
println!("{}", provider.get_block_number().await?);
Ok(())
}
| Network name | Songbird Canary-Network |
|---|---|
| Public RPC (HTTPS) | https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc |
| Public RPC (WSS) | wss://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws |
| Chain ID | 19 |
| Native currency | SGB (18 decimals) |
| Routescan Explorer | https://songbird.flarescan.com |
| Blockscout Explorer | https://songbird-explorer.flare.network |
| Systems Explorer | https://songbird-systems-explorer.flare.network |
| Faucet | - |
| Bootstrapping nodes | https://songbird-bootstrap.flare.network |
RPC Connection code snippet
- curl
- web3.js
- web3.py
- go-ethereum
- alloy-rs
curl https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
import { Web3 } from "web3";
const web3 = new Web3("https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc");
web3.eth.getBlockNumber().then(console.log);
from web3 import Web3
w3 = Web3("https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
print(w3.eth.block_number)
package songbird
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)
func BlockNumber() {
cl, _ := ethclient.Dial("https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
blockNumber, _ := cl.BlockNumber(context.Background())
fmt.Println(blockNumber)
}
use alloy::providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder};
use eyre::Result;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let provider = ProviderBuilder::new()
.connect_http("https://songbird-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc".parse()?);
println!("{}", provider.get_block_number().await?);
Ok(())
}
| Network name | Songbird Testnet Coston |
|---|---|
| Public RPC (HTTPS) | https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc |
| Public RPC (WSS) | wss://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/ws |
| Chain ID | 16 |
| Native currency | CFLR (18 decimals) |
| Routescan Explorer | https://coston.testnet.flarescan.com |
| Blockscout Explorer | https://coston-explorer.flare.network |
| Systems Explorer | https://coston-systems-explorer.flare.network |
| Faucet | Request CFLR from Coston Faucet |
| Bootstrapping nodes | https://coston-bootstrap.flare.network |
RPC Connection code snippet
- curl
- web3.js
- web3.py
- go-ethereum
- alloy-rs
curl https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}'
import { Web3 } from "web3";
const web3 = new Web3("https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc");
web3.eth.getBlockNumber().then(console.log);
from web3 import Web3
w3 = Web3("https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
print(w3.eth.block_number)
package coston
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)
func BlockNumber() {
cl, _ := ethclient.Dial("https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc")
blockNumber, _ := cl.BlockNumber(context.Background())
fmt.Println(blockNumber)
}
use alloy::providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder};
use eyre::Result;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let provider =
ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http("https://coston-api.flare.network/ext/C/rpc".parse()?);
println!("{}", provider.get_block_number().await?);
Ok(())
}
API Resources
Resources for interacting with Flare's DA Layer and FDC verifiers.
- Flare Mainnet
- Flare Testnet Coston2
- Songbird Canary-Network
- Songbird Testnet Coston
| DA Layer | https://flr-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc |
|---|---|
| FDC Verifier (EVM) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (BTC) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (XRP) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (DOGE) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (Web2Json) | - |
| DA Layer | https://ctn2-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc |
|---|---|
| FDC Verifier (EVM) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (BTC) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (XRP) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (DOGE) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (Web2Json) | https://jq-verifier-test.flare.rocks/ |
| DA Layer | https://sgb-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc |
|---|---|
| FDC Verifier (EVM) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (BTC) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/btc/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (XRP) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (DOGE) | https://fdc-verifiers-mainnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (Web2Json) | - |
| DA Layer | https://ctn-data-availability.flare.network/api-doc |
|---|---|
| FDC Verifier (EVM) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (BTC) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/btc_testnet4/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (XRP) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/xrp/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (DOGE) | https://fdc-verifiers-testnet.flare.network/verifier/doge/api-doc |
| FDC Verifier (Web2Json) | https://jq-verifier-test.flare.rocks/ |
API Keys:
- Public Verifier API key:
00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 - For higher rate limits on the DA Layer raise an API Key Request issue on GitHub.
Supported wallets
A variety of wallets across desktop, browser extension, and mobile platforms support Flare. Discover suitable options for your needs on the Flare Wallets page.
Transaction format
-
Address space: Matches Ethereum, 20-byte addresses using ECDSA.
-
Transaction format: Matches Ethereum, complies with EIP-2718, encoded with RLP.
-
Transaction fees:
-
Type0 (Legacy) - Fee is calculated as
gasUsed * gasPrice. -
Type2 (EIP-1559) - Fee is calculated as
(baseFee + priorityFee) * gas. -
In both cases, the transaction fee is burned.
-
Smart contracts
-
Compatibility: Fully EVM-compatible. Contracts written in Solidity, Vyper, or other EVM languages can be deployed directly.
-
RPC-API: Ethereum RPC API
-
Supported opcodes: Supports all EVM opcodes up to and including the Shanghai hard fork.
Consensus mechanism
-
Consensus Protocol: Snowman++ (from Avalanche) provides a high-throughput, totally ordered consensus with fast finality. Learn more on the Consensus page.
-
Sybil resistance mechanism: Proof-of-Stake (PoS)
-
Delegation: In-protocol
-
Block time: ≈1.8 seconds
-
Finality: Single-slot finality. Once a block is accepted through the consensus process (gossip), it's considered final.
-
Transaction ordering: Determined by the block proposer (leader), the default behavior is priority gas auction.
-
Participants (Validators):
- Nodes must meet a minimum self-bond requirement (defined by governance) to become validators.
- Validators participate in consensus voting and are randomly selected as leaders to propose new blocks, weighted by their total stake (self-bond + delegated stake).
- The network currently features around 90 validators (median stake ≈0.7%, max stake ≈3.3%).
-
Enshrined protocols: In addition to consensus, Flare validators are also data providers for FTSO and FDC.
Block verification
-
Block Header Verification: Example Go implementation.
-
Block Body Validation: Example Go implementation.
-
Verify transaction in block: Verified using Merkle Patricia Trie proofs against the receipts root included in the block header.
Adding Flare (FLR) to your exchange
Integrating Flare is similar to integrating Ethereum or other EVM chains. To add it to your exchange set up an RPC node and use the appropriate network configuration for Flare Mainnet.
Additional resources: Flare Brand Kit, go-flare source code